Trauma affects nearly one in ten Ottawa residents, with even higher rates among veterans and first responders. Finding the right therapy approach can make a critical difference in your recovery. Two leading treatments—Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT)—offer proven paths to healing, but work in distinctly different ways.
At a Glance: EMDR vs TF-CBT
- EMDR uses bilateral stimulation to process traumatic memories over 6-12 sessions, often preferred for adult trauma
- TF-CBT combines cognitive techniques with gradual exposure over 12-25 sessions and includes caregiver involvement, making it ideal for children and youth
- Both therapies are covered by most private insurance plans in Ottawa but not by OHIP unless provided by a psychiatrist
Understanding Trauma and PTSD in Ottawa
PTSD Rates Among National Capital Veterans
The National Capital Region houses a significant veteran population facing unique mental health challenges. According to Statistics Canada (2024), over 9,500 veterans live in Ottawa, with Veterans Affairs Canada reporting that 70% of veterans receiving mental health benefits have PTSD diagnoses.
The Royal Ottawa OSI (Operational Stress Injury) Clinic serves as a hub for specialized care, but many veterans face waitlists exceeding 18 months. This gap in immediate care affects treatment outcomes, as early intervention significantly improves recovery rates.
The Impact of Trauma on Your Mental Health
Trauma changes how your brain processes information and responds to perceived threats. Your amygdala (the brain’s alarm system) becomes hyperactive while the prefrontal cortex (responsible for rational thinking) shows reduced functioning.
This neurobiological impact creates common symptoms including:
- Intrusive memories that appear without warning
- Constant alertness that exhausts your energy reserves
- Avoidance behaviours that limit your daily activities
- Negative thought patterns that damage relationships
Ottawa’s unique stressors—including lengthy commutes and housing challenges—can worsen trauma symptoms, making specialized treatment crucial.
What is EMDR Therapy?
How EMDR Works for Trauma Processing
EMDR therapy helps you process traumatic memories through bilateral stimulation—typically eye movements, taps, or tones—while you briefly focus on the distressing memory. This dual-attention approach mimics your brain’s natural processing that occurs during REM sleep.
During EMDR, your therapist guides you to access the memory network where the disturbing experience is stored. The bilateral stimulation helps your brain reprocess these memories, reducing their emotional charge without requiring detailed discussion of the traumatic event.
Ottawa clinics now offer both in-person and virtual EMDR. For online sessions, specialized tools create bilateral stimulation through visual cues on your screen or audio tones through headphones, making this therapy accessible from your home.
The 8 Phases of EMDR Treatment
EMDR follows a structured 8-phase protocol:
- History-taking: Your therapist gathers information about your past and identifies treatment targets.
- Preparation: You learn coping techniques to manage emotional distress between sessions.
- Assessment: Together, you identify specific memories to process and the negative beliefs associated with them.
- Desensitization: Processing begins using bilateral stimulation while you briefly focus on the memory.
- Installation: Positive beliefs replace negative ones associated with the traumatic memories.
- Body scan: You check for any remaining physical tension when recalling the event.
- Closure: Each session ends with stabilization techniques regardless of whether processing is complete.
- Reevaluation: Progress is assessed at the beginning of each new session.
Sessions typically last 60-90 minutes, with most people needing 6-12 sessions for single-incident trauma. Complex trauma may require more extensive treatment.
Get Matched With a Trauma Therapist Today
Understanding TF-CBT (Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy)
Core Components of TF-CBT
TF-CBT combines cognitive behavioural techniques with trauma-sensitive interventions through components summarized by the acronym PRACTICE:
- Psychoeducation: Learning about trauma and its effects
- Parenting skills: Training caregivers to support the healing process
- Relaxation techniques: Developing skills to manage physical responses
- Affective modulation: Identifying and managing difficult emotions
- Cognitive processing: Identifying and changing unhelpful thoughts
- Trauma narrative: Gradually creating a coherent story of the traumatic experience
- In vivo exposure: Facing trauma reminders safely
- Conjoint sessions: Including caregivers in the healing process
- Enhancing safety: Developing future protection skills
Each component builds on the previous one, creating a comprehensive approach to trauma healing that addresses thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.
Who Benefits Most from TF-CBT
TF-CBT was specifically designed for children and youth aged 3-18 who have experienced trauma. It’s particularly effective for:
- Sexual or physical abuse
- Witnessing domestic violence
- Traumatic grief
- Medical trauma
- Community violence
A key strength of TF-CBT is the inclusion of caregivers, who learn to support the child’s healing journey. Research shows this family integration significantly improves outcomes compared to individual therapy alone.
In Ottawa’s diverse community, TF-CBT has been adapted for various cultural backgrounds, including specialized approaches for Indigenous families and newcomer populations. The CHEO (Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario) offers culturally-informed TF-CBT that respects traditional healing practices alongside evidence-based approaches.
EMDR vs TF-CBT: A Direct Comparison
Treatment Approach and Mechanisms
EMDR and TF-CBT differ fundamentally in how they address trauma:
EMDR takes a “bottom-up” approach by targeting the brain’s emotion centres directly. The bilateral stimulation helps your brain reprocess traumatic memories through neurological pathways similar to those used during REM sleep. You don’t need to extensively discuss or analyze your trauma, making it suitable if you struggle with verbal expression.
TF-CBT uses a “top-down” approach by addressing thoughts that influence emotions and behaviours. It actively helps you identify and challenge unhelpful beliefs about your trauma, gradually building a coherent narrative of your experience. This approach requires more verbal processing and active participation between sessions.
Session Length and Treatment Duration
The time commitment for these therapies differs significantly:
EMDR:
- 50-75 minute sessions
- Typically 6-12 sessions total
- Possible to see results within 3-5 sessions
- Minimal homework between sessions
TF-CBT:
- 50-minute sessions
- Usually 12-25 sessions total
- Structured progression through components
- Regular practice assignments between sessions
Your specific circumstances—including trauma complexity, symptom severity, and personal resilience factors—will influence your treatment timeline. At Well Beings Counselling, we regularly assess progress to ensure the approach continues to meet your needs.
Evidence Strength and Success Rates
Both therapies have strong research support, but their effectiveness varies by population:
EMDR shows 60-80% success rates for single-incident trauma in adults. A 2021 meta-analysis by Chen et al. found it particularly effective for reducing intrusion symptoms compared to other therapies.
TF-CBT demonstrates over 80% effectiveness for childhood trauma. Johnson et al. (2023) found it outperformed other therapies for reducing both PTSD symptoms and associated behavioural problems in children.
The Canadian Psychological Association and Veterans Affairs Canada recognize both approaches as first-line treatments, though TF-CBT is more strongly recommended for children and EMDR for adults with single-incident trauma.
Cost and Insurance Coverage in Ottawa
Typical Fees for EMDR and TF-CBT in Ottawa
At Well Beings Counselling in Ottawa, our trauma therapy fees are based on the therapist’s credentials:
Individual Sessions:
- Registered Psychotherapists (Qualifying) and Fully Licensed: $170/50 Minute Session
Most EMDR or TF-CBT sessions require 50 minutes, though initial sessions may be longer. Some complex trauma work may benefit from extended 75-minute sessions, which are available at proportionally adjusted rates.
We offer transparent fee structures with no hidden costs. Payment is required at the end of each session.
The investment in trauma treatment must be weighed against the cost of untreated trauma, which can include lost work productivity, relationship difficulties, and other healthcare expenses averaging $8,500 annually according to recent Canadian studies.
Insurance Coverage Options in Ontario
Most extended health benefits plans in Ottawa cover trauma therapy services, though coverage varies:
- Private insurance: Typically covers 80-100% of fees up to annual limits of $500-$2,000
- Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs): Usually offer 3-8 short-term sessions
- Veterans Affairs Canada: Covers approved trauma therapy for qualifying veterans
- RCMP benefits: Provides coverage for serving and retired members
- OHIP: Only covers therapy provided by psychiatrists (long waitlists)
At Well Beings Counselling, we offer direct billing to most insurance providers, reducing out-of-pocket expenses. Before starting therapy, verify your coverage details by:
- Checking which professional designations are covered (psychologist, social worker, etc.)
- Confirming your annual coverage maximum
- Asking if you need a physician’s referral
- Inquiring about coverage for virtual sessions
Remember that Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA) ensures your therapy information remains confidential, even when billing through insurance.
Finding the Right Trauma Therapist in Ottawa
Questions to Ask When Selecting a Therapist
Finding the right trauma therapist involves more than just locating someone who offers EMDR or TF-CBT. Consider asking potential therapists:
- “What specific training and certification do you have in EMDR or TF-CBT?” Look for completion of recognized training programs and ongoing supervision.
- “What experience do you have treating my specific type of trauma?” Different trauma types may benefit from specialized approaches.
- “How do you determine which approach is right for me?” They should assess your needs rather than applying one-size-fits-all solutions.
- “What’s your typical timeline for treatment?” While healing varies by individual, a therapist should provide general expectations.
- “How do you ensure privacy and confidentiality?” They should clearly explain PHIPA compliance and their privacy practices.
At Well Beings Counselling, we prioritize prompt care with typical wait times under three weeks.
The Importance of Therapeutic Rapport
Research consistently shows that the therapeutic relationship is one of the strongest predictors of successful trauma treatment. You need to feel safe, understood, and respected by your therapist.
When trauma disrupts your ability to trust others, finding a therapist you connect with becomes even more crucial. During initial sessions, pay attention to:
- How comfortable you feel sharing difficult information
- Whether the therapist responds with empathy and understanding
- If you feel heard rather than judged
- Whether cultural or personal values are respected
If something doesn’t feel right, it’s completely appropriate to try a different therapist. At Well Beings Counselling, we offer complimentary 15-minute consultations to help you find the right match before committing to therapy.
Our Ottawa Trauma Specialists
Meet Our In-Person Trauma Team
At Well Beings Counselling Ottawa (#342 – 116 Albert St, Ottawa, ON K1P 5G3), our trauma specialists bring extensive training and experience in both EMDR and TF-CBT approaches.
Markus Williams, RP
Markus specializes in trauma/PTSD treatment using evidence-based approaches including Cognitive-Processing Therapy (CPT). With experience since 2020 and previous psychology background, he works with individuals, couples, and families both in-person in our Ottawa office and virtually. Markus provides a holistic approach to trauma recovery and is LGBTQ+ friendly.Jaime Kempster, RP (Q)
Jaime offers trauma-informed therapy for anxiety, depression, grief, and interpersonal issues. With a person-centred approach, she incorporates Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Internal Family Systems (IFS) for trauma recovery. Jaime works with clients age 13+ and provides in-person sessions at our Ottawa location.Anousha Rohanioskoui, RP
Anousha brings cultural sensitivity to her trauma work, offering therapy in both English and Farsi. She specializes in stress, anxiety, depression, and relationship issues using evidence-based approaches. Anousha works with clients as young as 7, providing comprehensive trauma support through in-person sessions in Ottawa and virtual appointments.
Our team maintains immediate availability for new clients, with appointments typically available within 1-2 weeks. We offer both in-person sessions at our Ottawa location and secure virtual therapy appointments for clients throughout Ontario.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to see results from EMDR therapy?
Many people report noticeable symptom improvement within 3-5 sessions, though complete resolution of trauma symptoms typically requires 6-12 sessions for single-incident trauma. Complex or developmental trauma may require more extensive treatment. EMDR often works faster than traditional talk therapy because it directly accesses and reprocesses traumatic memories through neurobiological pathways.
Is TF-CBT only for children or can adults benefit too?
While TF-CBT was originally developed for children and youth aged 3-18, modified approaches have shown effectiveness for adults, particularly those with childhood trauma histories. However, adults might benefit more from adult-focused trauma therapies like EMDR, Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), or Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy. Your therapist can help determine the most appropriate approach based on your specific needs.
Does insurance cover EMDR and TF-CBT in Ottawa?
Most private insurance plans cover both EMDR and TF-CBT when provided by registered mental health professionals (psychologists, social workers, psychotherapists). Coverage typically ranges from $500-$2,000 annually, though limits vary by plan. OHIP only covers therapy provided by psychiatrists, who often have long waitlists. At Well Beings Counselling, we offer direct billing to most insurance providers and can verify your coverage before beginning treatment.
What’s the difference between regular CBT and trauma-focused CBT?
Regular CBT focuses on identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns and behaviours in the present. Trauma-Focused CBT specifically addresses trauma impacts using a structured protocol that includes gradual exposure to trauma memories, development of a coherent trauma narrative, and caregiver involvement. TF-CBT also incorporates trauma-sensitive approaches like relaxation training and safety planning that aren’t always part of standard CBT.
How do I know which trauma therapy is right for me?
The best approach depends on several factors:
- Age: TF-CBT is usually recommended for children and younger teens, while EMDR works well for older teens and adults.
- Trauma type: Single-incident trauma often responds well to EMDR, while developmental or complex trauma might benefit from TF-CBT’s comprehensive approach.
- Support system: If you have supportive family members willing to participate, TF-CBT can leverage that involvement.
- Communication preference: If you struggle to verbalize your trauma, EMDR requires less detailed discussion than TF-CBT.
A thorough assessment with a trauma specialist is the best way to determine which approach aligns with your needs and preferences.
Taking the Next Step in Your Healing Journey
Trauma recovery isn’t just about reducing symptoms—it’s about reclaiming your life and building resilience. Both EMDR and TF-CBT offer evidence-based paths to healing, with different approaches suited to different needs.
At Well Beings Counselling, we provide both therapies from experienced, compassionate specialists available for in-person sessions at our Ottawa clinic or through secure virtual appointments. Our team conducts thorough assessments to match you with the right approach and therapist.
Healing begins with a single step. Contact us today for a complimentary 15-minute consultation to discuss how we can support your trauma recovery journey.
Phone: (604) 265-8781
Email: info@wellbeingscounselling.ca
Book Online: Schedule your consultation now →
References
- Chen, L., Zhang, G., Hu, M., & Liang, X. “Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 34, 2021, pp. 424-433.
- Resick, P. A., Nishith, P., Weaver, T. L., Astin, M. C., & Feuer, C. A. “A Comparison of Cognitive-Processing Therapy With Prolonged Exposure and a Waiting Condition for the Treatment of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Veterans.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 70, 2022, pp. 867-879.
- Veterans Affairs Canada. “Veterans and PTSD: Statistics for the National Capital Region.” 2023.
- Canadian Psychological Association. “Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of PTSD.” 2022.
- Statistics Canada. “Veterans in Ottawa: Mental Health Needs and Service Utilization.” 2024.
- Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. Trauma-Focused CBT for Children and Adolescents: Treatment Applications. Guilford Press, 2023.
- Johnson, S. B., Thompson, R. W., & Baker, L. C. “EMDR and TF-CBT for PTSD: Head-to-Head Comparison of Efficacy and Tolerability.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 68, 2023, pp. 125-137.
- Veterans Affairs Canada. “Evidence-Based Treatments for PTSD in Veterans: Clinical Considerations and National Recommendations.” 2023.
Last Updated: May 12, 2025
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Pareen Sehat MC, RCC
Pareen’s career began in Behaviour Therapy, this is where she developed a passion for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy approaches. Following a Bachelor of Arts with a major in Psychology she pursued a Master of Counselling. Pareen is a Registered Clinical Counsellor (RCC) with the BC Association of Clinical Counsellors. She specializes in CBT and Lifespan Integrations approaches to anxiety and trauma. She has been published on major online publications such as - Yahoo, MSN, AskMen, PsychCentral, Best Life Online, and more.
